The immediate and long-term consequences of children's exposure to maltreatment and other traumatic experiences are multifaceted. Emotional abuse and neglect. sexual abuse. and physical abuse, as well as witnessing domestic violence. ethnic cleansing. or war. can imerfere with the development of a secure atlachmen! within the carcgiving system.

Complex trauma exposure results in a loss of core capacities for self-regulation and interpersonal relatedness. Children exposed to complex trauma often experience lifelong problems that place them at risk fo additional trauma exposure and cumulative impairment(eg. psychialric and addictive disorders; chronic medical illness: legal. vocalional. and family problems). These problems may extend from childhood through adolescence and into adulthood

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